The Supreme Court declared in horrific Dred Scott v. Sandford ruling that “Any person descended from Africans, whether slave or free, is not a citizen of U.S.”
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The Constitution of the Confederate States of America was adopted a month before the Civil War started.
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Book — Non-fiction. By Manisha Sinha. 2017. 784 pages.
A groundbreaking history of abolition that recovers the largely forgotten role of African Americans in the long march toward emancipation from the American Revolution through the Civil War.
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Profile.
Charles Sumner, Civil War and Reconstruction era politician in the United States.
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Digital collection. This website publishes thousands of “Information Wanted” advertisements taken out by people freed from slavery who are searching for family members who had been sold apart.
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John Brown, Martin Delany, and others gathered for a Constitutional Convention in Chatham, Canada.
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Henry Highland Garnet, abolitionist and minister, called for a militant slave revolt.
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Juneteenth — June 19th, also known as Emancipation Day — Juneteenth — is one of the many commemorations of people seizing their freedom in the United States.
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Two hundred and eighty one Africans aboard The Antelope ship were brought to Savannah by the U.S. Treasury.
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Elizabeth Mumbet Freeman won her freedom after she got an attorney and filed a “freedom suit” under the 1780 State Constitution for Massachusetts.
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Teaching Activity. By Adam Sanchez and Nqobile Mthethwa. 25 pages.
A mixer role play explores the connections between different social movements during Reconstruction.
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Abraham Lincoln issued the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
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Book — Fiction. By Christopher Paul Curtis. 2018. 256 pages.
A novel for young adults that that shows how slavery was state-sanctioned terrorism and the impact of the Fugitive Slave Law.
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People who had escaped from slavery and were following the Union Army, were blocked from crossing the Ebenezer Creek, leading to their death.
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Secretary of State William H. Seward declared the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution to have been adopted.
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Picture book. By Lesa Cline-Ransome and James E. Ransome. 2017. 32 pages.
An illustrated biography of Harriet Tubman written in verse.
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The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, known as the United States Bill of Rights, were ratified.
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Abolitionist and suffragist Harriet Tubman, perhaps the most famous conductor of the Underground Railroad, engineered her first rescue mission in December 1850.
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African Americans across the United States, free and enslaved, in the North and South, held watch meetings for the abolition of slavery.
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Congressman Thaddeus Stevens offered an amendment to the Freedmen's Bureau Bill to authorize the distribution of public land.
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U.S. Marshals arrested Shadrach Minkins, who had escaped from slavery in Norfolk, Virginia.
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The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands was established within the War Department to undertake the relief effort and social reconstruction after the Civil War.
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A group of African Americans presented a petition for freedom to the Massachusetts Council and the House of Representatives.
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During the Reconstruction Era, people emancipated from slavery searched for their loved ones throughout the United States and Canada. They often used "last seen" ads. This is one case of successful reunification.
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