The ruling of Gideon v. Wainwright required states to provide counsel in criminal cases to represent defendants who are unable to afford to pay their own attorneys.
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The first mass work stoppage in the 195-year history of the Postal Service began with a walkout of letter carriers in Brooklyn and Manhattan who were demanding better wages.
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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and the Community on the Move for Equality called for a march in Memphis, Tennessee in solidarity with sanitation workers.
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The Selma to Montgomery marchers traveled into Lowndes County, working with local leaders to organize residents into a new political organization: the Lowndes County Freedom Organization (LCFO).
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The Selma marches were three protest marches about voting rights, held in 1965.
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The last U.S. combat troops left South Vietnam, ending direct U.S. military involvement in the Vietnam War.
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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated while in Memphis to support the striking sanitation workers.
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One of the largest anti-war protest was held in Washington, D.C.
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Book — Fiction. By Susan Follett. 2014. 389 pages.
A young adult novel of historical fiction based on Freedom Summer.
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Book — Non-fiction. By Gilbert R. Mason. 2007. 227 pages.
Dr. Gilbert R. Mason’s eyewitness account of the fight for racial justice on the Gulf Coast of Mississippi during the civil rights movement.
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Book — Non-fiction. By M.J. O'Brien. 2014. 340 pages.
An up-close study of the story behind the iconic photographs of the Jackson, Mississippi sit-ins.
Teaching Activity by M.J. O'Brien
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Book — Fiction. By Pamela M Tuck. Illustrated by Eric Velasquez. 2013. 32 pages.
Based on her father’s experience in 1960s North Carolina, Pamela Tuck tells how a family and community challenge racism where they work, shop, and go to school.
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Book — Non-fiction. By Cynthia Levinson. 2012. 176 pages.
Tells the story of the 4,000 Black elementary, middle, and high school students who voluntarily went to jail between May 2 and May 11, 1963.
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Book — Fiction. By Deborah Wiles 2014. 544 pages.
Historical fiction for young adults set in Greenwood, Mississippi during the 1964 Freedom Summer.
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Book — Non-fiction. By Tananarive Due and Patricia Stephens Due. 2003. 416 pages.
An unforgettable story of a mother-daughter journey spanning two generations of Civil Rights struggles.
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Book — Fiction. By John Armistead. 2002. 218 pages.
Confronted with decisions well beyond their years, three friends grapple with eternal issues of shifting loyalties and the nature of heroism
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Book — Non-fiction. Edited by Leslie G. Kelen. 2012. 256 pages.
Presents the Civil Rights Movement through the work of nine activist photographers who lived within the movement and documented its activities by focusing on the student activists and local people who together made it happen.
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Book — Non-fiction. Photographs by Herbert Randall. 2001. 132 pages.
A key collection of photographs for teaching about Freedom Summer in 1964 Mississippi.
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Book — Non-fiction. Edited by Sarah Blanc. 2014. 115 pages.
A collection of interviews conducted by the Samuel Proctor Oral History Program over seven years in Sunflower County, Mississippi. The stories provide a powerful first person introduction to the history of the Mississippi Civl Rights Movement.
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The Battle of Ia Drang began between regulars of the U.S. Army and regulars of the People’s Army of Vietnam.
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The Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) was founded in New York.
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African American athletes gathered to support Muhammed Ali’s refusal to serve in Vietnam.
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Army Captain Howard Levy was imprisoned for three years for refusing to train U.S. Special Forces soldiers during the Vietnam War.
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Judge Byrne dismissed all charges against Daniel Ellsberg and Anthony Russo in the Pentagon Papers trial.
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