The Climate Crisis Has a History

Climate emergencies surround us today. The gap between the severity of the climate crisis and the inadequate response in schools threatens students’ lives and the future of the planet. Young people deserve tools that help them understand who shaped the warming world they inherited and how to meet the crises in front of them.

Timelines can be useful tools for distilling long, complex histories, and timelines of climate change are nothing new. A simple Google search can reveal dozens of sites or articles that claim to document its development. But the stories most timelines tell about the climate crisis misleadingly cast it as a product of the “natural” world — not as a consequence of human history, of choices, of systems through which profit and injustice flow. These accounts often laser-focus on the steady buildup of CO₂ in the atmosphere and climbing temperatures with little-to-no attention to the authors of global warming, movements to curb it, and populations that bear the brunt of its effects. They promote a sense of inevitability, fueling a dangerous mix of despair and inaction. We have developed a different timeline of the crisis at hand.

We invite teachers and students to examine the choices and stakes that animate the climate crisis, and to work together toward meaningful solutions. Our timeline traces its roots from European colonial expansion and racial capitalism to present-day fossil fuel industry and government projects that exploit and destroy the Earth in the name of maximum profit. It also emphasizes moments and movements of resistance and activism that inform climate justice work today. Scientific discoveries and disinformation — who knew what, when, and to what ends — punctuate this history, as do accelerating catastrophes that emphasize the urgency of the crisis.

The Climate Crisis Timeline is a brand new resource, and we’re eager to hear how you use it in your classrooms and curricula. Experiment with it, send us your teaching stories, and spread the word on social media (#TeachClimateJustice).

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We provide a set of teaching ideas to guide students’ exploration of the timeline. These prompts encourage students to build on featured events and themes, identify key takeaways, and imagine paths to a more just future. For more on why we created the timeline, read our article: The Climate Crisis Has a History. Teach It.

Teaching Ideas

Below is a set of teaching ideas, including writing prompts and other activities for students:

Ask students to select five events from the Climate Crisis Timeline that they believe are the most significant in explaining the climate crisis. Ask them to write a couple of sentences of explanation for each entry they select. Then ask students to do a modified mixer in which they walk around and share their analysis with other students. Ask students to share only one date for each one-on-one conversation, and to take note of patterns or questions that emerge.
Ask students to identify two to three dates on the timeline they are confused or have questions about. Group students in small groups to share. Then have each group share one or two questions out to the whole class for discussion.
Ask students to select at least three points on the timeline that were critical “choice points,” — times when things might have gone in a different — or better — direction if people had acted differently. In a class discussion, ask students to share the dates and answer:
- Why was this a critical moment?
- Who or what is responsible for the way things happened?
- Who or what might have been capable of achieving a different outcome?
In small groups, ask students to identify themes or trends on the timeline. Then, ask them whether there are any themes or information that should be added to the timeline.
Have students write on these questions:
- What “big ideas” do you take away from looking at this timeline?
- What did you find surprising?
- What upset or troubled you?
- What gave you hope?
Provide students another timeline related to climate change. (For example, New Scientist’s “Timeline: Climate Change” or the BBC’s “A brief history of climate change”). Ask students to analyze differences between the timelines and answer some questions:
- What themes and patterns did you notice on the ZEP timeline that did not show up on the other timeline? And vice versa?
- What is the purpose of each of these timelines? What do you think the authors of each timeline were trying to explain or reveal? Do you think they agree about the causes of the climate crisis?
Give students an opportunity to research at least five more important events to add to the timeline. These might include dates after the final entry, parts of the world or groups left out of the original timeline, or events that reflect a theme they believe should get more emphasis.
Tell students to unleash their creative, hopeful energies and to envision into the future. Ask students to imagine 3 choice-points ahead in which the climate justice movement has sufficient numbers and power to steer Earth on a different path. Tell students to write up these events — they are fictional, but should be plausible — to add to the timeline on dates (2035? 2050? 2066?) of their choosing.

Learn More

Here are articles and podcasts that speak to the timeline’s main arguments. The books listed below were among those read by the timeline authors to inform its development.

Reconsidering Reparations by Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò

The Great Derangement: Climate Change and the Unthinkable by Amitav Ghosh

The Pentagon, Climate Change, and War: Charting the Rise and Fall of U.S. Military Emissions by Neta C. Crawford

Teaching Testimonials

This year I was tasked with creating a first time learning course for a Contemporary World Issues online class. One of our units focuses on sustainability and the state standards require that students demonstrate an understanding of humans and the environment. For our task, I combined the Zinn Education Project’s suggested Climate Crisis Timeline Teaching Ideas prompts (3, 5, and 7) to create a deep dive into the past for students to explore.

The timeline fit perfectly with what skills the common core standards wanted students to demonstrate (analyzing sources, compare and contrast ideas, understand multiple perspectives, give historical context) and provided a new way for me to teach something that I have taught to a younger grade level in the past. Overall, this lesson made a difference to my students and smoothly brought new material to the curriculum.

—Colten Fox

High School Social Studies Teacher, Washougal, Washington

Students camping at a national park during a school trip

I read an article about the Zinn Education Project Climate Crisis Timeline in Rethinking Schools. My students and I are exploring the theme of nature and technology and the timeline is perfect.

—Erin Flynn

High School Language Arts/English Teacher, Driftwood, Texas

I am currently utilizing the Climate Crisis Timeline and other lesson plans from your site about the topic. I love these resources because of their flexibility to be used in current affairs, international relations, and American government courses. I have used the timeline for international relations courses already, but if I have students that choose the climate crisis as a topic for another class, it would be easy to suggest this as a resource for their work.

I especially love that these resources can be used as a stand alone lesson, larger unit, or even lead to specific resources about any point on the timeline. The interactive component of the timeline makes it very useful. Given that our schools today push for more personalization of learning than ever, your resources are easy to help do that. Students can actually take the learning and content into their own hands, since it is adaptable to individual interests and approaches. This is true for teachers too, as we all have different courses and amounts of time to devote to topics in classes.

—Matthew Walston

High School Social Studies Teacher, Traer, Iowa

My sister’s a teacher and sent me a link to this timeline. I thought I knew a lot about climate history, but this is THE most comprehensive history of climate change I’ve ever seen in one package. Not only does it include all of the key scientific dates and the “who knew what when” information (most of which I knew), but it provides the context to understand the oil industry’s power in the world and how economic factors (such as coal strikes and China’s open door policy) have impacted global emissions. Really well done!

— Citizens’ Climate Lobby: Sacramento chapter communications (@cclsacramento)

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